Context whose reality Essay Example for Free

Context whose acceptedity EssayThe reality that we create is unique to our decl ar experiences. What is real? What is reality? The notion of reality is inextricably linked to the subjectivity of individual human existence. Reality is defined as the state of being real what we can apprehend through our senses. In essence, reality is viewed differently by separately individual, through the intensity of his/her past experiences, values, emotions and perspective. Consider this, three blind work force all touch a different part of the elephant but are unable to recognize that it is indeed an elephant. Based on their own subjective impressions, thoughts and feelings, each arrive at different conclusions.The man who touched the trunk, said it was a snake the man who touched its belly, said it was a wall. And the man who felt the elephants tusk, and said it was a spear and another felt its ear and said it was like a hand fan. All of the men were in heated disagreement. The score of the elephant and the blind man is a popular proverb in Buddhist mythology. The blind men all made inferences about the object based on their assumptions, their biases and prior experiences. The blind men were dependent upon different spheres of perception.Our perception is determined and skewed by environmental variables that refract events according to what kind of person we are and the events that have led us to believe what is real. The three blind men in this anecdote held pieces of the truth, determined by their lack of experience which had caused them failure to perceive the whole picture. The process of perception shows that many individuals can be mistaken. The simple fact is that the way people process reality is subject to interpretation. It depends upon the individuals mindset and past experiences at point in time. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG)

Health and Diet Essay Example for Free

Health and Diet EssayPienso que llevo una vida sana, ya que mi dieta es sana y balanceada. Tambien hago deportes regularmente y no tengo problemas de salud. Tambien evito la comida grasosa. Me considero estar en buena forma, ya que practico deportes y siempre estoy activo y en forma. Ademas me encanta la education fisica en el colegio. Un habito que tengo es que, me muerdo las unas a veces me muerdo las unas pero solo cuando estoy nervioso.Normalmente, como bien y me gusta la comida casera que es sana, me gusta comer ensalada y pasta en el fin de semana y de vez en cuando bebo agua o leche pero generalmente bebo naranjada y tambien tomo sopa y me encanta el pescado especialmente para la cena o la comida. En mi opinion las comidas saludables son los alimentos frescos y nutritivos, como las legumbres que contienen vitaminas. No obstante la comida procesada no es saludable ya que es rica en grasa y sal que sube la presion arterial. Asi que comer bien es muy importante pra estar en forma y para mantenernos sanos.Me gusta hacer ejercicio. Juego al futbol regularmente y tambien hago pesas dos veces a la semana, ademas duermo bien y descanso lo suficiente y no veo mucho la tele. Recientemente jugue un partido de baloncesto y corri mucho ya que era un campeonato y por suerte ganamos. Creo que por esto no tengo muchos problemas para estresarme. En las proximas semanas me gustaria dejar de comer comida rapida espeicialmente las patatas fritas y empezare a comer frutas que son mas deliosas ademas, me gustaria ir al gimnasio mas a menudo y deberia de levantarme mas temperano.Para no llegar tarde al colegio. Quiero estar mas en forma ya que asi podria tener mas energia para usar usarla en mi colegio. Si mi colegio me ayuda a estar sano y en forma porque me ensena a comer bien y puedo practicar deportes como el futbol o el rugby. Tambien hay muchos profesores que me dicen que hacer cuando estoy enfermo. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This studen t written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Spanish section.

Terrorism and Ordinary People Essay Example for Free

Terrorism and indifferent People EssayHow to Defeat TerrorismTerrorism is a tactic used by a sm completely great deal of extremists to fight against an overwhelmingly powerful opponent while surrounded by a large population that mostly just wants peace and quiet. Terrorism merelytocks be belt downed. To do this, rst we need to understand how terrorists argon kept away in the best case, then how terrorists stand ght against this mechanism, and nally what works and what doesnt work to deflower those aims. The Thin Blue Line Although terrorists are non merely criminals, it is helpful to think ab out(p) what keeps criminals under control in our rescript. Ask any faithfulness ofcer it is non the police and the courts who keep criminals at bay. It is the society as a whole. It is the commonplace citizenry who call the police when they hear a task starting. It is the ordinary people who depone the police and cooperate with them to bring criminals to justice.The thin bl uish line only works when it is backed up by the vast majority of ordinary people. This, by the way, is why police brutality is so damaging to law and order in our society. If ordinary people lose blaspheme in the police, they wont call and they wont cooperate. If they fear that calling the police to quiet down a loud party could military issue in their neighbors kids universe shot dead, they wont call. And they also wont cooperate in to a greater extent serious cases. Without community backup, the thin blue line starts to obtain rattling thin indeed. And criminals become bolder. Law Enforcement Executive Forum 2006 6(5) 189Likewise with terrorists. Terrorists are defeated when the large majority of the community feels that they can presumption the topical anesthetic politics to maintain law and order and work for the common good. Then, ordinary people impart romp the terrorists in to the political science when, or tear down before, they resume. The Unabomber was an i nsane but passing intelligent man living alone in the woods, writing a manifesto, and killing and maiming people with mail bombs. later on his manifesto was published, he was turned in to the FBI by his brother, who recognized the writing and made the sic but agonizing decision to be loyal to society over blood. We can only wish that a relative or neighbor of Timothy McVeigh had been in a military post to make a resembling decision before he struck in Oklahoma City. In even the best, most civilized, law-abiding society one can imagine, there will be small numbers of extremists tempted by terrorist tactics.Ideally, the vast majority of people will reveal them as marginal nut-cases and will report them to trusted authorities if they show signs of turning extreme ideas into risk of exposureous action. Terrorist acts can never be totally eliminated, but a cohesive community that trusts its authorities can defeat a continuing terrorist movement. One Mans Terrorist Is Another Mans Freedom-Fighter But what if the society is not civilized? What if the authorities are hated and feared rather than trusted? Then, the true terrorist can always nd support and hiding places among sympathizers who are not willing to become terrorists themselves but are not willing to support the authorities either. The terrorists best strategy is to drive a wedge between the people and the authorities. Then, the thin blue line becomes thinner and weaker. The ordinary people, or at least some of them, protect and support those they tick off as ghting for freedom, religious faith, patriotism, or some other deep value, against overwhelming odds.The biggest danger to the terrorist is the trust the people grant in the authorities. As that trust is weakened or destroyed, the terrorists gain strength and freedom of action. Their primary goal must be to eliminate the trust between the people and the authorities. How can they act most effectively to eliminate that trust? Here is where the m eaning of terrorist violence is often misunderstood. The unadulterated terrorist act is to blow up some innocent victims, but the actual devastation is not the goal, in a military sense. There is a typic goal of showing that the more(prenominal) than-powerful enemy can be touched and deeply harmed, but even that is not the received goal.The real goal is to energise considerable retaliation. The tiny group of terrorists who actually sanctifyted the act may escape entirely, may go casualties, or may even be entirely destroyed, but the larger terrorist movement feeds on the retaliation. The important thing (from the terrorists perspective) is for the massive retaliation to harm many people in the commonplace population, even among their own supporters. The orchestrate is to incite the authorities to act in a way that erodes the peoples trust in them. The people lose trust the terrorists are seen as freedom-ghters and they gain support, cover, strength, and freedom of action .From the terrorists perspective, the more horrible the original strike, the better, since it will provoke a more drastic retaliation. And the more horrible the retaliation, the better, since it will destroy the peoples trust in the authorities and strengthen the terrorists. From the terrorists perspective, the actual damage to their own people is a benet, not a cost, of terrorist action. Those Who Do Not gain from History Are Condemned to Repeat It Sadly, case studies of this strange dynamic are leisurely to come by, once you realize what to look for. Israel-Palestine The Israeli-Palestinian conict is a school text case. There is no military benet to a suicide bomber killing people at a cafe, a wedding, or on a bus. The benet to Hamas comes from the massive retaliation, killing the innocent along with the guilty, bulldozing homes and farms, and creating major economic hardship for the large masses of Palestinians who would gladly sound in peace with Israel. Israel pegs the wor th of peace to stopping the terrorists, which ordinary Palestinians have no way of doing. And the immediate impact of the retaliation is to solidify hatred against the Israelis. (Were long past the take down of talking about trust here.)So, Hamas has r apieceed the successful academic degree of being able to provoke the Israeli Army to act to build up its strength among the Palestinians. The furious cycle in that region is that hardliners in Israel use precisely the same method. When Israeli extremists create new(a) settlements in Palestinian territory or commit terrorist acts against ordinary Palestinians, they provoke the strongest retaliation the Palestinians are capable of, which is more suicide bombers to slaughter innocents among the ordinary people of Israel. This eliminates any trust in the Palestinian authorities (small a) and solidies hatred against Palestine. This elegant pair of mutually reinforcing feedback cycles strengthens terrorist act on both sides and makes t he chances for peace remote. Iraq Now lets think about Iraq. Terrorists strike U.S. troops, provoking retaliation. The retaliation almost certainly involves collateral damage, eroding trust in Americans and inaming hatred.By now, this cycle should look familiar. The terrorists goal is the erosion of trust in the U.S. authorities and our attempt to rebuild Iraq, even more than physical destruction. Its hard to imagine Al Qaeda coming up with something more effective than the pictures from Abu Ghraib prison for destroying the trust of the ordinary Iraqi people in the civil authority of the U.S. troops. Because this abuse does such direct strategic damage to our agency in Iraq, the soldiers directly involved must be punished, of route, but so should the entire chain of command. Since our overall mission explicitly requires winning the hearts and minds of the Iraqi people, it is military professional malpractice to fail to anticipate the pressures on the front-line troops and fix dis cipline in place to prevent such abuse. This abuse is due to more than a few problematical apples, but even if it were only that, a military commander is responsible for knowing that a few soldiers may be bad apples and having controls in place to prevent them from acting out.The decapitation of Nick Berg was a miscalculation on the terrorists part. (They arent all geniuses either, of course) Ordinary Iraqis were revolted and off determinationed by having this crime done in their name. Furthermore, the decapitation took attention away from the Abu Ghraib pictures, which were doing real damage to the U.S. cause. We could still save their cookies by some change of massive retaliation, but the responsible authorities seem to be handling this in a more controlled way. Finding and prosecuting the specic individuals involved and their accomplices would strengthen the U.S. position signicantly. There are signs that not all the news from Iraq is bad. First, there is measurable progress in restoring the Iraqi infrastructure and providing water, sewers, electricity, oil pipelines, local government, and eventually jobs. This is where the real war is fought. The soldiers are mostly there to keep the bad guys from interfering with the engineers and their work.Second, the ordinary people of Najf have demonstrated against the religious extremists and in favor of the moderates and of course in favor of peace and quiet. 9/11 This view of terrorists, retaliation, and trust also helps us understand the terrible events of 9/11 and who has proted from the afterwardsmath. The destruction of the World Trade Center and the murder of 3,000 people was a horrifying act that devastated the victims families and shook the economy for a while. The symbolic impact on the join States and its effect on our national confidence was massive, but from a military perspective, the blow was not signicant. Compare it with the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, which mettlesome the Pacic eet as we entere d a war with Japan. Osama bin Ladens purpose for the 9/11 attack was (and is) to provoke massive retaliation from the united States against Islam.He hoped that our retaliation would nally unite Islam against the fall in States as a common enemy and that his vision for a fundamentalist pan-Islamic state would sweep away all the more moderate governments in the region, as well as movements toward a pluralistic culture. In the nal chapter of his book Against All Enemies, Richard Clarke gives an excellent description of the conict we should have pursued after 9/11 and contrasts it with the wars we actually did pursue. The invasion of Iraq is not only a distraction from more important goals but a innervation that is making Osama bin Ladens dream come true.The purpose of the original attack was to provoke our retaliation, which would affect primarily the ordinary Islamic people, destroying what trust they had for the United States, and making them more willing to give aid and comfort t o the terrorists among them. To a surprising extent, we have fallen right into Osama bin Ladens trap. The future of the domain of a function depends on nding our way out. How to Win the War on Terrorism When terrorists are isolated criminals, viewed with suspicion by the vast majority of the general public, and reported to the authorities when they turn violent, then the war on terrorism has been won.What artillery units will it take to win this war? Just as the Maginot Line in France was impotent against Nazi blitzkrieg at the beginning of World War II, purely military tactics and strategy will fail against the terrorists and will even be exploited to their advantage. It appears to me that our current professional military leaders generally understand this point, while our hawkish civilian leaders without military experience generally do not. Its tempting to think that a war against terrorism can be won by killing all the terrorists. In the real world, this unreserved plan doesn t work. A serious attempt to nd and kill all the terrorists also sweeps up many ordinary people, and some of them and their relatives become new terrorists, creating more terrorists than were destroyed.The harder the authorities pursue this strategy, the more it looks like genocide, and the more effectively they recruit new terrorists. The weapon we need is the trust and cooperation of the general population of the outlandish where the terrorists are based. As we have seen, terrorists understand this and use endishly clever strategies for eroding this trust and fomenting resentment and hatred. (Incidentally, most terrorists are not clever enough to find out this. But they read about strategy and tactics in the writings of Mao Tze Tung and Ho Chi Minh, who were. Fortunately, these same sources are required see for our professional military leaders.) The simple strategy for defeating terrorism is as follows Avoid getting killed by them make clear that overwhelming power is availab le, but reduce using it. Gain the trust and cooperation of the general population. Refute the terrorists lies demonstrate truth and nakedness to criticism. Create, publicize, enforce, and obey a simple Bill of Rights demonstrate evenhandedness in local disputes. Demonstrate justice, even when treated unjustly avoid massive retaliation, even when pickings casualties. Visibly work for economic justice for the oppressed. The people will turn the terrorists in for trial and prosecution. Obviously, implementing this strategy is far from simple. There are trade-offs between the actions required to avoid getting killed and the ones needed to gain trust. Since gaining trust is building the weapon that wins the war, however, it takes priority, and one cant be absolutely rock-steady.Whether you call it nation-building or peace-making, its a dangerous line of work, actively opposed by hostile people. Avoid Getting Killed Aside from the obvious personal motivation to stay alive, the stra tegic reason to prevent terrorist attacks is to foil their attempt to provoke massive retaliation. powerlessness is the worst-case outcome for a terrorist, not death. We need good enough intelligence to detect and prevent terrorist acts, but this cannot take absolute priority since it trades off against being a free and trus twainrthy society. Therefore, some attacks will occur, and there will be casualties.It is important for both the terrorists and the general population to understand clearly that terrorist acts cannot maybe defeat our forces militarily. Failing to attend to this point led to disastrous errors by Reagan in Beirut and Clinton in Somalia. Currently in Iraq, terrorists can reasonably terminate that the United States will leave under sufcient pressure. They may or may not be correct, but their ability to draw that conclusion is dangerous to us in itself. The hardest part about a war on terrorism comes when a terrorist attack succeeds. The whole point of the attack i s to do something horric to provoke massive retaliation. The right response must be measured, deliberate, and appropriate. President Bushs speech on September 20, 2001, was a brilliant example of the correct response to a successful terrorist attack. (Sadly, he did not stay that particular course, as he and his administration demonstrated their obsession with Iraq.)Gain Trust and Cooperation A measured, deliberate, and appropriate response gains the trust and the cooperation of the people. To do this, we must be trustworthy. It also means that the training of our troops for this kind of war must be real different from past wars. Our soldiers must be more than warriors who kill people and destroy things. They must also serve as community police, and even as social workers and political advisors. News reports from Iraq make it clear that our soldiers are vividly aware of this dual role, and they are vividly aware of the fact that they are well-trained and supply as warriors but not as community police. Above, Ive outlined some of the specic methods for building trust and cooperation from the people. Refute the terrorists lies demonstrate truth and openness to criticism. Create, publicize, enforce, and obey a simple Bill of Rights demonstrate evenhandedness in local disputes. Demonstrate justice, even when treated unjustly avoid massive retaliation, even when taking casualties. Visibly work for economic justice for the oppressed. There are surely many other effective methods to be identied, improved, evaluated, and applied. The People Will Turn in the Terrorists If the people trust the authorities and respect the efforts taken to make their lives secure and safe, they will turn in pretend terrorists, knowing that they will receive sane trials. The Unabombers brother turned him in because he was willing to trust the governments pledge not to seek the death penalty. Terrorists are not merely criminals. Their extremist ideological motivation makes them far mo re dangerous than even large organized criminal gangs. Even so, to win against terrorism, in the end they must be treated as ordinary criminals.They must be tried and punished, with full legal rights and protections, not for their extremist beliefs, but for their terrorist actions that disrupt the safe conduct of society for ordinary citizens. The Unabomber sits in federal prison for his bombs that killed and maimed. Timothy McVeigh was executed for murder many times over. Their public trials and the public safeguarding of their rights were not out of soft-heartedness or compassion for criminals. They are public ceremonies, reafrming the value of law and order in our society. They both represent and cultivate the trust that the people have in their government. That trust is the weapon that defeats terrorism. They cannot stand against it. We must not throw it away. What Should We Do? If we understand which weapons actually work against terrorists and if we understand how terrorists t ry to destroy our weapons, we can see what we need to do and what we need to avoid doing.We can see why the Abu Ghraib prison photos are so damaging to us. Traditional war is not easy or certain. And the new ways are not easy or certain either. The simple strategy above for defeating terrorism requires great knowledge, cleverness, and wisdom to put into action. War requires discipline. War requires sacrice. War requires restraint at certain times and carefully planned action at others. A war against terrorism is different the major wars of the past. If we try to ght like we fought wars in the past, we will lose, and we wont understand how or why. We need to learn how to ght with new weapons. The alternative is a world of perpetual conict between opposing groups of extremists, locked in a deadly embrace in which each side conrms the beliefs of the other and helps in recruiting more extremists. The ordinary people in the middle, who just want peace and law and order, are repeatedly s avaged to cultivate more recruits for one side or the other. This is indeed a clash of civilizations but not between Islam and the West. The clash is between extremists of all kinds on the one side and the forces of pluralism, tolerance, peace, and law and order on the other.Identifying Terrorists as a Diagnosis ProblemConsider the problem of identifying terrorists as a problem in diagnosis. Out of a large population, you want to diagnose the very few cases of a rare disease called terrorism. Your diagnostic tests are automated data-mining methods, supervised and checked by humans. (The analogy is sending blood or tissue paper samples to a laboratory.) This type of diagnostic problem, screening a large population to look for a rare disease, has some very counter-intuitive properties.Suppose the tests are highly accurate and specic 99.9% of the time, examining a terrorist, the test says terrorist. 99.9% of the time, examining an innocent civilian, the test says innocent. Terrorists are rare lets say, 250 out of 250 million people in the United States. When the tests are applied to the terrorists, they will be detected 99.9% of the time, which means that almost certainly 249 will be detected, and with only a 25% chance of wanting the last one. Great However, out of the remaining 249,999,750 innocent civilians, 99.9% the true means 0.1% error, which means that 250,000 of them will be incorrectly labeled terrorist. Uh, oh (These are called false positives.) The law enforcement problem is now that we have 250,250 people who have been labeled as terrorist by our diagnostic tests. Only about 1 in 1,000 of them is actually a terrorist. If we were mining for gold, we would say that the ore has been considerably enriched, since 1 in 1,000 is better than 1 in 1,000,000.Theres still a long way to go, though, before nding a nugget. But we are talking about peoples lives, freedom, and livelihoods here. The consequences to an innocent person of being incorrectly labele d a terrorist (or even suspected terrorist) can be very large. Suppose, out of the innocent people incorrectly labeled terrorist, 1 in 1,000 is sufciently traumatized by the experience so that they, or a relative, actually becomes a terrorist. (This is analogous to catching polio from the polio vaccine extremely rare, and impossible with killed-virus vaccine, but a real phenomenon.) In this case, even after catching all 250 original terrorists, 250 new ones have been created by the screening serve well The numbers Ive used give a break-even scenario, but 99.9% accuracy and specicity is unrealistically high.More realistic numbers make the problem worse. Nobody knows what fraction of people traumatized as innocent victims of a government process are seriously radicalized. One in 1,000 is an uninformed guess, but the number could be signicantly higher. A mass screening process like this is very seeming to have cost that are much higher than the benets, even restricting the costs to n umber of free terrorists as I have done here. Adding costs in dollars and the suffering of innocents just makes it harder to reach the break-even level. Ask your neighborhood epidemiologist to conrm this analysis. It is applied routinely to public health policy and applies no less to pursuance out terrorists. There are alternative ways to detect and defend against terrorists. Mass screening for something very rare is seriously questionable in ground of costs and benets, exactly because the true positives can be completely swamped by the false positives.The Seeds of War (A Parable)I offer a parable to illustrate the seeds of war. The point of this is not to say that the West is somehow responsible for terrorism. Obviously, the terrorists are responsible, and they must be brought to justice however, we need to understand the mechanisms in place that feed terrorism and that would be invoked by certain types of retaliation. It makes no sense to act without understanding the context. T he purpose of this parable is to provide intuition about one such mechanism. indite 10/2/2001 in the aftermath of September 11. Think about the aftermaths of Afghanistan and Iraq, too. To ght terrorism, you must know where it comes from. Imagine that you and your family live in a really bad neighborhood. You struggle every day to make ends meet. You try to keep your children safe from the criminals who live in your area. You work hard to teach your children to be good people, and to live right, even though they are surrounded by examples of people who get rich through immorality and crime.You go to church with your neighbors and try to support each other in the same struggle, since the odds against each of you are overwhelming, but together you may have a slightly better chance. You watch TV, and you see rich people in the suburbs who have everything you ever wanted, who worry about crabgrass in the lawn instead of gunre in the street. You work two jobs at minimum wage, hating the fact that your children are home alone, while the people on TV complain about the high cost of gas for the SUV to take the kids to soccer games. You and the members of your church tell each other and try to believe that different people have different lots in life, and each follows his or her own path to salvation. Meanwhile, on TV, you hear the people in the suburbs complaining about how all the people in your neighborhood are criminals and lazy and should be run out of town. You try hard to remember that they dont understand and to forgive them.Then, one day, a really terrible crime is affiliated by a gang from your neighborhood. A bomb goes off in the suburbs, and many innocent people are killed. You are shocked, and your heart goes out to the families who are suffering. A few of your meaner-hearted neighbors say that they are glad that the suburbs now know what its like. You shut them up, telling them to have compassion for anyone who suffers. A few oddly foolish kids dance in the street and show up on the evening news. Your church holds a prayer service for the victims of the bomb. The police barricade the streets just about your neighborhood and wont let any of you out, though a few sneak past. On TV, you hear some of the rich people in the suburbs say they want to bomb your entire neighborhood to kill the whole gang. If that also kills innocent people like you and your family, well, thats too bad, they say. How do you feel? What do you do?Now, suppose the police actually do bomb your neighborhood. The bombs kill your parents, your wife, your daughters, and your sons. In your family, the only survivors are you and your youngest son. How do you feel? What do you do? Benjamin Kuipers, PhD, holds an endowed professorship in computer sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. He investigates the representation of commonsense and expert knowledge with particular emphasis on the effective use of incomplete knowledge. He received his BA from Swarthmore C ollege, and his PhD from MIT. He is a fellow of AAAI and IEEE and has served as department chairman.

The story written by mr pip

The story written by mr pipHer voice is unique and consistent in this regard. The theme of memberplay presented in the story reflects the quality of his writing. Matilda and the other children get the lists of a new vocabulary from Charles devils work through this exercise they stick to understand the importance of choosing the right word for right time. Matilda, however, has to struggle with the this activity of choosing the right words on right occasions. Somehow she manages to translate the great lessons of her life into language understandable to all. It also gives us an insight into Mr Pips journey with her.It is a riveting story with the impeccably narrated story of a young girl who has buried herself under the world of a book. In her realm, things appear to make sense while her surroundings be tainted with uncertainties of life.Several themes emerge in Lloyd J bingles Mister Pip. The most important one is of the conflict mingled with old and new Interwoven in his lectures on Great Expectations by the natives of the island. These speeches ar in the ancient world, which strengthens the traditional belief in shadow.The inscription on Mister Pip reads migrate to sign. It is awarded to Umberto Eco. Characters in the story migrate both literally and metaphorically. Pip moves beyond the boundaries of Great Expectations in the consciousness developed Matilda, Matilda, and Mr. Watts, but literally from one place to a nonher.This type of exposure to other perspectives creates the blockade of the communication that was dominant among the people of Bougainville during the civil war.This exchange of information through a communal social consciousness throughout the world educates in a way that was previously prohibited, but it is absolutely necessary for the survival of the people.Throughout the figment we examine the theme of reading for escape. Consider the following quotes 23-35Mr. Watts gave us a different world, children spend the night we could escape to another place (23).I think Mr. Watts enjoyed the employment When she spoke, he was the voice is another thing that impressed us For the time he read, had a way of Mr. Wattss absent and we forgot about him (24).We had no books. We had our heads and we have had our memories, and to Mr. Watts, thats everything we involve (27).What I did not know at the time was, we were all children of the Great Expectations payments back to our families (32).They did not want me to go further into that other world. She was afraid she would flake out her Matilda in Victorian England (35).The people of Bougainville are educated in many ways. Mr. Watts teaches children the great expectations, but also the village elders come to nurture to share their wisdom. Finally, Mr. Watts joins the direction of children with the Dickens novel and traditional beliefs of the community in an oral history rather than on many nights, with which he tries, the rebels who have infiltrated their village alone.The re sidents are not immune to disasters, but education is inextricably tied to their fate. HG Wells statement that has the history, more and more a race to education on the one hand, and the catastrophe of the other, should be included in todays world, in which the disaster, it was a genocide or a nuclear bomb, slightly the time it takes to educate all.If the fate of Matilda Laimo proves nobody beats Lloyd Jones, that education be more likely to survive a road to disaster as a means to prevent it.Dickens comes to Bougainville Lloyd Jones to lend colors to the brilliant new novel of Mister Pip. How do you want to exist in the history of power and formative influence of literature?Mister Pips blurb says that the novel is a love song to the power of belief and storytelling. It shows how books can change lives.In the civil war in Bougainville in early 1990, regular school attendance of children is destroyed in the village. The elderly eccentric Mr. Watts, the last white man in the region , is committed to the master. Their classes consist of reading Great Expectations by Charles Dickens for children. They become government troops (disparaged as Redskins), and local boys who are armed rebels (known as Rambo) through the village, and the results sometimes are frightening or terrible. But Mr. Watts bed. And still, children are affected and begin to take on new imaginative possibility for their lives. It covers the status of the orphan Pip in Dickens and the theme of dislocation from home. You begin to see how Joe Gargery, Miss Havisham and Mr. Jaggers in relation to their own culture.The story is well presented, as it must seem like glib and simplistic fable of a flap text. At this point we should not fail to notice quite carefully that the white men bring awareness to the minds of young locals. Is it not a smattering of intellectual imperialism?The answer to both questions is that Lloyd Jones is many steps ahead. Far from simple, his narrative canvasses a number of is sues in the context of its general approval of the imagination of the literature.At various times, opportunities arise in literature offering a great escape more easily, or can promote a twisted image of reality, or can even be downright dangerous if taken literally. (The soldiers are angry and take revenge, if they do not find what to rebuke Mister Pip children.)What are the cultural issues of Imperialism? The novel implicitly depicts the white man burden.The atheist white man, Mr. Watts fears verbally spars with a local mother of God. He commonly gets the best in their field who come through a kind of secular missionaries among the unenlightened lot. Then the action reaches its climax terrible (kind auditors be taken to mark), and we are forced to reassess our judgments about these two new characters. Aboriginal values are stronger and more significant than first thought the fight, and indigenous peoples are not imposed on passive recipients of culture, no matter how attractiv e can be the Western literature.Jones difficult bet is the simplest sound. How Great Expectations, the novel is in first person by an adult says tone back to a long life or at least someone in their mid-twenties, looking back on events that began when she was 14Matilda is the daughter of Mr. Watts sparring partner. So how dare adopt a white man with the mask of a black female novelist narrator? This could be the signal for the type of computer to be long brouhaha with Confessions of Nat Turner William Styron.The mask slips sometimes. But his relations with listless horrors of civil war, his quiz from the outside world and its sad admission that all the cultural influences have their limits, Matildas voice the perfect vehicle for the key issues of Jones. This is a brilliant narrative consummation and not half as easy as it first seems.

Role of Firms in Science and Technology | Essay

Role of Firms in Science and Technology EssayWhat roles do firms play in the multiplication and scattering of rising scientific and scientific fellowship? Illustrate your answer by reference to one or much example. doorwayThe differences in the types of organisations, their grammatical constructions, their goals and perspectives, and the mode they recognise and face challenges hindquarters breed a visual sense of opportunities and avenues for producing and distributing modern information to the world. Technology and science has made wonders for al nigh everyone living in this planet. It has changed the carriage we live. It has overly introduced late sets of problems and issues which must be strategically addressed.Firms ar already in the forefront of responding to changes and challenges in their environment. They respond to these challenges by dint of strategies that crystalise use of last systems ilk technology and scientific inquiry. forthwiths eminence of pr oducts and social transactions be being supported more and more by technological and scientific innovations and strategies. Knowledge of locomote technologies in the different sciences and frontiers has largely advanced most careers and business prospects. According to Dorf (2001, p. 39), 1 the purpose of a business firm is to arrive at value for all of its stakeholders. As the firm tries to create new wealth for its shareholders, valuable products and services for its customers, it is already in the process of generating and distributing new sets of information. This includes the generation of new scientific and technological knowledge which would eventually be adopted by the society and otherwise businesses as well. A firm then leads its market through effective technical and scientific innovation, sound business management of resources, and a solid technological strategy for the success of its business.Improved technology and increased scientific knowledge allow help increas e food production, efficient management of resources, allow faster admission to relevant and mission critical information, and enhanced business competitiveness. Technology has the most potential to deliver business sustainability and viability through the many opportunities for research and innovation.While it cannot be denied that firms of today have a very clear and pivotal role to play in the generation of scientific and technological knowledge, much of their contribution c figure on how they formulate strategies to introduce new knowledge into their business functions.Technology has been known to support a lot of business and decision making processes. Technology strategy should be considered a vital class of any strategic planning. Incorporating high-end technology without careful considerations of other organisational issues is a sure formula for failure. The growth of technology presented managers with a complex variety of alternatives. Many executives and managers are us ing the advent of technology as an opportunity to reconsider their business operations (Irving and Higgins, 1991).2 Many still feel that technology and any available scientific knowledge can solve a lot of organisational problems. Unfortunately, other executives see technology as a panacea for various organisational ills. Sometimes, the introduction of technology may increase organisational and societal problems.Firms have a definite role when it comes to the way technology and scientific knowledge is generated and distributed. With their technological and scientific knowledge at hand, they can be technology enhancers, identifiers of new markets, sources of customer exploration, and a gateway for information interchange. However, powerful technologies and scientific knowledge can have the potential for great harm or great good to mankind (OBrien, 2001).3Competition in the business environment has led to a lot of advanced technological and scientific research and teaching. Invest ment in a lot of monetary and manpower resources has increased the need for firms to compete with each other in the introduction of new technologies which may alter the political, economic, and social landscape. Gene Amdahl was interested in starting a new computer firm to compete with International Business Machines (Goodman and Lawless p. 66).4 He understood quite clearly that he needed a new technological design, a service and support system, and a good library computer software. He chose to design his computer to be IBM-compatible. Regardless of the technological wonders he designed into his new computer, it would operate all the existing IBM software. This strategy has greatly enhanced his customers access to new IBM technologies as well as his own. While his company has tailored itself from another companys technology, it was able to create and generate a new set of ideas which not only enhanced his companys image but IBMs as well.High technology firms who generate a lot of t echnological and scientific knowledge have been able to identify new markets in the fields of computers, biotechnology, genetic engineering, robotics, and other markets. These firms depend heavily on advanced scientific and engineering knowledge.Michael Dell, for example, started building own(prenominal) computers in his University of Texas dorm room at age 19 (Ferrell and Hirt, 1996).5 His innovative ideas and prototyping techniques have made Dell calculator one of the leading PC companies in the world with sales of $2.9 billion. Because of his companys capacity to use technology to perform decision-making and focus on new customer demands and tastes, he was able to identify strategic markets for his PC Company all around the world in different contexts. When he shifted to new markets, other industry players followed. These industry players created another set of opportunities to explore other means. Through the early 1990s, Dell sold directly to the consumer through its toll-fre e telephone line (Schneider and Perry, 1990).6 Eventually, it expanded its sales to the net income and has logged a hearty percentage of its overall sales from the Internet. This strategy has lowered overhead for the company. The web site is a significant part of Dells strategy for moving into the new millenium. Company officials predict that within the next few years, more than half of their sales will be from the web. Supporting such a booming online sales are a robust infrastructure of communication thingumabobs and networks, Dell servers, and electronic commerce software from Microsoft.Just as with the globalisation of markets, changes due to advances in technology is not new to business marketing. Yet, technology change is expected to create new shipway of marketing that havent existed (Dwyer and Tanner, 1999).7 Du Pont, for example has developed a Rapid Market Assessment technology that enables the company to determine if a market, usually a country or region previously no t served) warrants development (Bob, 1996).8 The result of the analysis is a customer-focused understanding of the foreign market, independent of the level of economic development of that country or region.Technology is changing the nature of business-customer interaction. If applied well, benefits increase to both parties. In the area of retail marketing for example, technology can be used to enhance interaction between retailers and customers.Point-of-sale scanning equipment is widely utilized by supermarkets, department stores, specialty stores, membership clubs, and others-hundreds of thousands of firms in all. Retailers can right away complete customer transactions, amass sales data, reduce costs, and adjust inventory figures (Berman and Evans, 1998).9 At some restaurants, when dinner is over, the waiter brings the check-and a sleek box that opens like the check presentation folder used by many restaurants revealing buttons and a miniscreen. The waiter brings it over and disap pears discreetly. Following instructions on the screen, you verify the tab, subscribe the payment type (credit card or ATM card), insert the card into a slot, and enter your personal identification number of PIN. You can then enter a tip-a specific amount or, if you want the device to figure the tip, a percentage. Completing the transaction triggers a blinking light. This summons the waiter who then removes the device and the receipt is printed on another terminal (Berman and Evans, 1998).10 In this manner, the restaurant, as a firm was able to innovate on new ways to make customers make further exploration and application of this new mechanism. This in turn introduced another set of mechanisms for making billing charges to customers in another business setting (like electrical energy and water bills). With this illustration, innovation on a new technology can be of great help to different industry players.With signature capture, shoppers sign their name right on a computer screen . At Sears, the cardholder uses a special pen to sign a paper receipt-which becomes the cardholder copy-on top of a pressure-sensitive pad that captures the signature, stores it, and displays it on the checkout terminal screen so a clerk can compare it with the one on the back of the credit card. Sears has a brochure explaining the cognitive process is entirely voluntary and electronic signatures are not stored separately and can be printed only along with the entire sales receipt. Again, innovation centered on how customers can be better served has generated a whole new set of ideas for other firms to research on.Gateway for Information InterchangeThe web or the Internet has generated a lot of research interests nowadays. People rely on the web for retrieving and sending information. Its being used for almost all sorts of business and personal transactions like in the area of learning and commerce. Stanford University Librarys HighWire Press began in early 1995with the online prod uction of the weekly Journal of Biological interpersonal chemistry (JBC). By March 2001, it was producing 240 online journals giving access to 237,711 articles (Chowdhury and Chowdhury, 2001).11 The journals focus on science, technology, medicine and other scientific fields. HighWires strategy of online publishing of scholarly journals is not obviously to mount electronic images of printed pages rather by adding links among authors, articles and citations, advanced searching techniques, high-resolution images and multimedia, and interactivity, the electronic versions provided added dimensions to the information being provided in printed journals. The dimensions allowed readers boundless opportunities to follow up what they have initially started. The role of firms here has been magnified quite a bit. Technical and scientific information can be distributed at the least doable time possible and in as many people as possible.In another setting, consider the tremendous savings now tho se millions of Internet users are able to work from home or at least, dial into the mail more than drive there. Many offices are using the Internet to save office space, materials, and transportation costs. Using email and other electronic documents also saves energy, by saving paper. People who are online are able to explore most of the returns technology and science has to offer them. It gives them the power to filter out what is and what is not useful. revolutionaryspapers are also going online. Arguably, of all the technologies, telecommunications, and the Internet, along with a renewable energy, has the most potential to deliver sustainability and the vision of integrated optical communication networks, is compelling enough for people to understand the underlying role that technology firms play in todays technology-based society. Computer networks and the Internet have largely been the biggest technological breakthroughs made throughout the century. And the possibilities ar e even growing bigger for firms to do more to leverage its use.ConclusionFirms play a very important role in the generation of new information and their eventual diffusion into the overall structure of businesses and society as well. Firms are seen as responsible generators of new ideas which not only help them attain competitive advantage over their rivals but also are also unconsciously improving the lives of people from different lays around the globe. Competing firms explore different technical and scientific innovations which match their business strategy specially in a globalised business setting. The rate at which firms do research and development has spawned the need for further collaboration and cooperation even among their competitors in order to shelter their strategic advantage. The introduction of technological and scientific standards has helped guide the introduction of new knowledge to definite direction to take. Firms also serve as a window to a lot more opportu nities for information exchange and interaction between customers and even their competitors. The Internet has been the biggest contributor to the generation, infusion, and distribution of knowledge. It has also provided a lot of opportunities for firms to indue their time and resources in order to facilitate easier access to their products and services. It has also created a new set of commerce and learning methods which allowed more and more people to set involved even if time and distances presented challenges. The driving force behind all of these innovations is change. Without it, firms will not be motivated to introduce new sets of ideas and distributed them. Knowledge is empowerment. getting technical and scientific knowledge through the initiatives of different organizations not only increases further competition but also improves the different political, social, and economic dimensions of society. The generation and diffusion of scientific and technological knowledge wil l not be possible if firms are not aware of the changes that are constantly shaping their business landscape. Todays challenges is not on how technological and scientific information can be generated and distributed. It is more on using this knowledge on the right place and at the right time.BibliographyBooksBerman, B and Evans, J (1998), Retail Management A Strategic Approach, PrenticeHall, New Jersey.Bob, Donarth (1996), Global Marketing Management New Challenges shape worldwide Competition.Chowdhury, G and Chowdhury, S (2001), Information Sources and Searching on theWorld spacious Web, Library Association Publishing, London.Dorf, Richard (2001), Technology, Humans, and Society Towards A Sustainable World,Academic Press, San Diego, California.Dwyer, F and Tanner, J (1999), Business Marketing Connecting Strategy, Relationships,and Learning, Mc-Graw Hill, Singapore.Ferrell O and Hirt, G (1996), Business A Changing World, 2nd edn, Times New MirrorHigher Education.Goodman, R and Law less, M (1994), Technology and Strategy Conceptual Models andDiagnostics, Oxford University Press, New York.Irving, R and Higgins, C (1991), Office Information Systems Management Issues andMethods, John Wiley and Sons, Ontario.OBrien, James (2001), Introduction to Information Systems Essentials for theInternetworked E-Business, McGraw-Hill, Singapore.Schneider, G Perry, J (1990), Electronic Commerce, Thomson Learning, Singapore.Footnotes1 Dorf, Richard (2001), Technology, Humans, and Society Towards A Sustainable World, Academic Press, San Diego, California.2 Irving, R and Higgins, C (1991), Office Information Systems Management Issues and Methods, John Wiley and Sons, Ontario.3 OBrien, James (2001), Introduction to Information Systems Essentials for the Internetworked E-Business, McGraw-Hill, Singapore.4 Goodman, R and Lawless, M (1994), Technology and Strategy Conceptual Models and Diagnostics, Oxford University Press, New York.5 Ferrell O and Hirt, G (1996), Business A Changing World, 2nd edn, Times New Mirror Higher Education.6 Schneider, G Perry, J (1990), Electronic Commerce, Thomson Learning, Singapore.7 Dwyer, F and Tanner, J (1999), Business Marketing Connecting Strategy, Relationships, and Learning, Mc-Graw Hill, Singapore.8 Bob, Donarth (1996), Global Marketing Management New Challenges Reshape Worldwide Competition.9 Berman, B and Evans, J (1998), Retail Management A Strategic Approach, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.10 Berman and Evans.11 Chowdhury, G and Chowdhury, S (2001), Information Sources and Searching on the World Wide Web, Library Association Publishing, London.

An Argument for the Existence of God Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

An Argument for the Exis cardinalce of GodGod can be defined as a creation conceived as the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient originator and ruler of the universe, the principal object of faith and worship in monotheistic religions (1). there are many people that do not believe in any religion. People who do not believe in a religion have no reason for believe in a God. People who do not believe in a God and argue against the cosmos of God are proving something that is completely false. There is a God for numerous reasons. This papers purpose is to bear the existence of God. There are ten main reasons that are presented in this paper that show the actuality of God. It as well as shows counter-arguments to the competing positions (the presence of evil). It also gives anticipatory responses to possible objections to the thesis.The frontmost reason focuses on the belief of faith. The following passage is taken from the Bible. It has excellent meaning because it shows that everyone h as faith. Having faith is the first sign that shows everyone believes in a religion. There are two good definitions of religion. The first is belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe. The second is a personal or institutionalized constitution grounded in such belief and worship. The passage shows that everyone has an institutionalized system that has belief. The passage is as follows, ?Everyone believes in something. No one can endure the stress and cares of life without faith in God. Atheists cannot prove there is no God. Pantheists cannot prove that everything is God. Pragmatists cannot prove that what will count for them in the future is what works for them now. Nor can agnostics prove that it is impossible to know one way or the other. Faith is unavoidable, sluice if we chose to believe only in ourselves. What is to be decided is what evidence we think is pertinent, how we are going to interpret that evidence, and who or what we are willing to believe in.? (Luke 1616)(4) The passage is great proof that there is a God. It shows that everyone has faith. Faith is a big aspect in religion. With every religion, there is likely to be a single holy being, a god.Many atheists have used science as a way to disapprove the existence of God. Science is not an veracious way of disapproving the existence of God(2). Scient... ...This is completely false because God made the ultimate sacrifice. Jesus sacrificed himself so he could redeem humanity and that all their sins would be forgiven. Making such a self sacrifice is good proof that God cares for humanity. The last reason that proves the existence of God is how we look at God. close of humanity believes that God must look up to humanity, where as the truth is we must look up to God. The best argument that atheists have to disapprove the existence of God is the presence of evil. But their argument is shut down by the Augustinian theodicy. These reas ons are great proof that shows the existence of God. Any atheist who reads all ten reasons and the Augustinian theodicy can never disapprove the existence of God. Bibliography 1) Oxford Readings in Philosophy. The Concept of God. crude York Oxford University press 19872) Gollwitzer, Helmut. The Existence of God As Confessed By Faith. Philadelphia The Westminister Press, 19653) The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas. Whether God Exists? 1920. New Advent. http//www.newadvent.org/summa/100203.htm. K. Knight. 2003.4) Holy Bible. New International Version. (New York). 1978.

Essay --

On July 1919, bread Illinois swept a wave of destruction that left 23 african americans and 15 whites dead, 537 injured, and over meg dollars of property damage. This was one of the most devastating of all the 25 race riots that occurred in the country during the Red Summers of 1919. Under the pressure of the Great Migration and living moderate worsen, tensions grew in size.. Adding to the racial antipathy that led to the riots were historic conflicts over labor. For decades white workers in Chicagos stockyards had excluded the black workers, denying them their membership, blacks had often allowed themselves to be used as replacement labor. in spite of some positive movement toward integration of labor unions, by the summer of 1919, it all exploded on July 27, where an african boy was killed after he cut across an unofficial segregation line and was stoned to death. The result would be widespread violence in the streets, turning neighbor against neighbor, white against black, worker against coworker Throughout Chicago this segregation is quite real. Its reach a point where th...